How to Change Your Engine Oil, With 5 Mechanic-Approved Steps

None of the maintenance requirements for modern internal combustion automobiles are more essential than an oil change. This task ensures a car’s engine runs smoothly with minimal internal wear. Many owners rely on a local garage or a dealership service department for this work. However, taking a DIY approach to change your oil can save money and provide satisfaction to more hands-on-oriented drivers or those looking to understand vehicle upkeep better.

Keep reading for a deep dive into how to change your oil and oil filters. We’ll explore the complete process, from choosing the correct materials to underscoring the importance of maintaining detailed service records for warranty coverage.

A Step-by-Step Oil Change Guide

Step 1: Select the Right Oil and Filter

There’s more to selecting the correct engine oil and filter than grabbing whatever’s on sale online or at the local auto supply store. While there are several places to skimp when it comes to car care, oil changes aren’t one of them. Spending a few extra dollars helps preserve engine life and extend service intervals.

Today’s engines are highly sophisticated machines that require special materials to maintain optimal performance and prevent damage. Further, oil that’s ideal for one vehicle can be harmful in another. The car’s owner’s manual is the best source for determining your vehicle’s perfect oil and filter. The information will cover critical specifications, such as:

• Oil weight/viscosity rating (e.g., 5W-30, 0W-20)
• Oil capacity (typically 4-8 quarts)
• Recommended oil type (conventional, synthetic blend, or full synthetic oil)
• Filter specifications and size

Most automakers recommend specific oil and filter brands. There’s nothing wrong with following this advice, but you can use supplies from other companies if the alternatives meet or exceed the manufacturer’s guidelines.

Viscosity may sound like an elaborate term, but it describes oil thickness. The higher the number, the thicker the oil. The first number — 5W, for example — refers to below-zero-temperature thickness. Meanwhile, the second number — 30, for instance — covers thickness during normal operating temperatures.

Modern engines generally require thinner oils. So, don’t be surprised if your car needs oil with 0W20 or 5W30 specifications. Keep in mind that synthetic motor oil maintains its viscosity longer than conventional or synthetic blend options.

In addition to choosing an oil with the correct specifications, you’ll want to consider other factors:

• Ambient temperature range in your area
• Engine age and mileage
• Driving conditions (city vs. highway)
• Towing or heavy-load requirements
• Turbocharger or supercharger presence
• Direct injection system requirements
• Start-stop technology considerations

Picking the right oil filter is the other half of the equation. Here’s what to look for:

• High-quality filtration media (to remove impurities and debris)
• Metal end caps (for longevity)
• Silicone anti-drain back valve (to keep oil in the filter with the engine off)
• Strong housing construction (for durability)
• Proper micron rating (to ensure sufficient oil flow)
• Adequate surface area (to facilitate the filtering process)
• Appropriate bypass or pressure relief valve (promotes oil flow if there’s a blockage)

Sticking with the manufacturer-recommended filter keeps things straightforward. However, selecting a different product means paying attention to:

• Correct thread pattern
• Proper gasket size
• Appropriate pressure rating
• Flow rate compatibility
• Bypass/pressure relief valve settings
• Housing strength rating
• Temperature resistance

These elements may be overwhelming to a novice DIYer. So, always double-check compatibility and only buy from a reputable source.

Step 2: Gather Your Tools and Prepare the Vehicle

Performing a car oil change is more than selecting the proper materials; a successful job can only be accomplished with the right tools. The upfront cost of this equipment can eliminate any cost savings, but this will be less of an issue over time and after multiple oil changes. Alternatively, some automotive supply stores offer loaner tools.

Here’s a toolkit checklist:

• Socket set with various sizes (metric and standard)
• Oil filter cap wrench set
• Drain plug socket set
• Torque wrench (rated for 0-100 ft-lbs)
• Oil filter wrench (specific to your filter type)
• Large oil drain pan (minimum 2-gallon capacity)
• Funnel with flexible spout
• Jack and jack stands or portable ramps rated for your vehicle’s weight and type
• Wheel chocks
• Work gloves (chemical-resistant) or disposable nitrile gloves
• Safety glasses
• Shop rags or paper towels
• Cardboard or drain mat for spill protection
• Flashlight or work light
• Container for used oil storage

Safety is a critical element of any car repair, regardless of how simple the task is. This entails having the right resources on hand and properly preparing the vehicle for an oil change. Ideally, a friend can help or at least be on hand for moral support.

Safety Equipment Requirements:

• Proper clothing (long sleeve shirt, pants, and closed-toe shoe)
• Readily accessible fire extinguisher
• First aid kit with eye wash solution
• Spill containment materials
• Immediately accessible phone with emergency contact information

Vehicle Preparation:

• Park on a level surface, preferably concrete, in a well-ventilated area
• Allow the engine to cool for at least 60 minutes
• Firmly engage the parking brake

For elevating the car via jack/jack stands:

• Place wheel chocks behind the rear tires
• Locate proper jacking points (consult manual)
• Position the jack and raise the vehicle slowly
• Place jack stands under designated support points
• Lower vehicle onto stands gradually
• Rock the car gently to confirm stability

For elevating the car (front end) via ramps:

• Allow ample space in front of the vehicle to use ramps
• Ensure the front wheels are straight
• If needed, place a non-slip mat in front of the tires
• Place the ramps directly ahead of the front tires (just touching the rubber)
• Have a friend stationed nearby to act as a spotter
• Reverse the car a few inches, then very slowly move forward, making initial tire contact with the ramp to confirm the ramps don’t slide.
• If there’s no ramp slippage, repeat the reverse-forward procedure and slowly climb the ramps.
• Stop when the tires at the top of the ramp

Continue with the remaining steps:

• Place cardboard or drain mat under the work area
• Remove engine undertray if present
• Clean the work area of debris
• Position tools within easy reach
• Verify adequate lighting
• Check for overhead clearance

Pro Tip: While the oil change process is generally the same among different cars, each automobile can have its own quirks. Before tackling any work, review a vehicle-specific service manual for precise instructions. YouTube how-to videos can also be helpful.

Step 3: Drain the Old Oil Carefully

With the preliminary work done, it’s time for the actual oil change.

Pre-drainage inspection involves: 

1. Checking for oil leaks around gaskets
2. Inspecting oil drain plug area for damage
3. Noting any unusual residue or corrosion
4. Checking the plug thread condition
5. Clearing debris from the drain area
6. Documenting any existing issues and consulting a mechanic if anything irregular appears
7. Preparing replacement drain plug washer
8. Checking plug thread pitch and size
9. Verifying torque specifications

Empty the oil with these draining process steps:

1. Position the drain pan (allow for an oil stream arc)
2. Clean the drain plug and the surrounding area
3. Break the plug loose with an appropriate socket
4. Unthread the plug slowly to control the oil flow
5. Completely remove the plug
6. Allow complete drainage (15-20 minutes minimum)
7. Inspect oil for:
   Metal particles
   Carbon deposits
   Coolant contamination
   Fuel dilution
   Sludge buildup
   Color variations
   Viscosity changes
8. Clean drain plug threads thoroughly
9. Inspect drain plug for:
   Thread damage
   Seat wear
   Magnetic particle build-up
   Washer compression
   Overall condition

Step 4: Replace the Oil Filter and Add New Oil

This critical step ensures clean oil and proper filtration for the engine.

Filter Removal Process:

1. Position the oil pan under the filter
2. Clean the filter housing exterior
3. Loosen the filter with the appropriate tool
4. Allow initial drainage
5. Rotate the filter slowly to control drainage
6. Remove the old oil filter completely
7. Drain the remaining oil
8. Inspect the mounting surface for:
   Thread damage
   Gasket material
   Surface corrosion
   Proper sealing area
9. Clean the mounting surface thoroughly
10. Compare old and new filters
11. Verify gasket removal

New Oil Filter Installation:

1. Pre-fill filter if the mounting angle allows
2. Lubricate the new gasket with fresh oil
3. Verify gasket positioning
4. Thread the filter carefully
5. Tighten to specifications:
   Hand-tight plus 1/4 turn for spin-on
   Torque to spec for cartridge type
6. Verify proper alignment
7. Clean any oil residue
8. Document the filter part number

Oil Addition Process:

• Reinstall the drain plug with a new washer
• Torque the plug to the required specification
• Remove the oil filler cap
• Insert clean funnel
• Add oil in 1-quart increments
• Check level frequently
• Replace filler cap
• Start engine
• Monitor oil pressure gauge
• Check for leaks
• Shut off the engine
• Wait five minutes
• Recheck oil level
• Adjust if necessary
• Reset the oil life monitor, if applicable

Step 5: Dispose of Old Oil Responsibly

Discarding used engine oil in the trash is a significant no-no. This liquid is considered hazardous and should be treated accordingly. Proper disposal procedures protect the environment and maintain compliance with local regulations.

Start by ensuring the old oil is properly collected:

• Allow the oil to cool completely
• Use approved containers
• Verify container integrity
• Label the contents clearly
• Secure caps tightly
• Clean exterior surfaces
• Store upright
• Keep away from heat

Next, identify an approved site to drop off the used oil. You can call ahead to confirm the drop-off procedure and other requirements. Locations often include:

• Auto parts retailers
• Service centers
• Recycling facilities
• Municipal waste centers
• Quick-lube businesses
• Certified disposal sites

Depending on the facility and regulations, you may be required to provide documentation that includes your name, contact information, oil type, and other pertinent information.

Importance of Keeping Oil Change Records for Warranty Coverage

Keeping detailed records of your oil changes isn’t just good practice; it’s essential for maintaining your vehicle’s warranty coverage. Most extended warranty providers require proof of regular car maintenance before honoring claims, making documentation your first line of defense against denied claims.

For DIY oil changes, keep a detailed log containing:

• Service date and exact mileage
• Oil type, brand, and quantity used
• Filter part number and brand
• Copy of parts receipts
• Oil disposal confirmation, if applicable
• A few before and after photos of the oil change process

While doing your own oil changes can save money, consider having maintenance work done at a licensed shop. Professional service centers provide verifiable records that warranty companies prefer.

In addition, many vehicle service contracts require maintenance records showing regular oil changes with approved materials. Missing or incomplete records can void your coverage, even for issues unrelated to oil changes. This makes it crucial to document every service, whether performed at home or by professionals.

Most importantly, keep these records organized and easily accessible. Store digital copies of all maintenance documentation in a dedicated electronic folder and maintain physical copies in your vehicle’s service folder. You’ll be readily able to supply any necessary records.

How Endurance Warranty Plans Cover Mechanical Issues

One inescapable fact of car ownership is that, eventually, every automobile needs servicing. Older vehicles are especially vulnerable to breakdowns and surprise repair bills. Savvy drivers have learned that an extended warranty (also called a vehicle service contract or auto protection plan) can protect cars no longer covered by factory warranties.

Endurance offers a range of vehicle protection plans designed to minimize the financial impact of mechanical issues. A powertrain plan covers the engine, transmission, and drive axle, which are often the most expensive components to work on. The most comprehensive program delivers new car-like coverage similar to a bumper-to-bumper warranty.

Meanwhile, the Advantage plan provides expanded protection and up to $3,500 for routine maintenance, including oil changes, diagnostic exams, and tire rotations. It also allows for one-time services such as battery replacement and cooling system maintenance.

All Endurance programs include 24/7 roadside assistance (with towing and other services), rental car support, trip interruption protection, flexible payment terms, and the freedom to choose any licensed repair facility for covered repairs. Every customer is eligible for a year of Elite Benefits for access to tire repairs and replacements, key fob replacement, collision repair discounts, and total loss protection.* Just pay a small enrollment fee to activate these valuable services when starting Endurance coverage.

Drive with the Confidence of Endurance Protection

Hit the road backed by Endurance protection. Request a free online quote or explore the Endurance online store for instant pricing and plan details. For more personalized service, call an Endurance plan advisor at (800) 253-8203.

Read the Endurance blog for helpful articles about vehicle maintenance, DIY advice, warranty insights, car reviews, and more.